This group includes essential components that enable electronic functionality through control, amplification, switching, and signal processing in circuits. Diodes: Unidirectional components for rectification, voltage regulation, and signal demodulation. Transistors: Switch and amplify electronic signals, forming the foundation of modern electronic devices. Integrated Circuits (ICs): Compact devices containing multiple transistors and components for specific functions such as microcontrollers, memory, and analog/digital processing. Power Semiconductors: High-capacity components like IGBTs and MOSFETs for managing power in industrial and automotive applications. These components are critical to the operation of virtually all electronic systems, from consumer gadgets to industrial equipment and advanced computing.